Castor oil is a non drying oil containing hydroxy acids. The content of ricinoleic acid accounts for about 87.1%~90.4% of the fatty acid composition, and is widely used in industries such as aviation, precision instruments, medicine, coatings, plasticizers, emulsifiers, insulating oils, textiles, and leather making.
Castor bean oil extration machine
The castor oil production line includes castor seed pretreatment and pressing production line and castor seed oil refining production line. The castor seed oil is pretreated and processed in the early stage, and the castor seed oil is refined in the later stage
Castor seed pretreatment and pressing production line
1.Clean castor seeds
Castor seed raw materials in the harvest, drying, transportation and storage process will be mixed into some sand, soil, stems and leaves and iron and other impurities, if not removed before production, the production process is very unfavorable, impurities contained in the oil can be divided into inorganic impurities, organic impurities and oil-containing impurities three categories. Inorganic impurities soil, sand, dust and metal, etc. Organic impurities stems, leaves, ropes, husks and other seeds, etc. Oil-containing impurities immature grains, dissimilar oil, damaged oil below the specified screen and pests and diseases.
Castor seed cleaning is a general term for the process of removing impurities from oilseeds. The cleaning process requires not only limiting the impurity content in the oil, but also specifying the oil content in the leftover material obtained after cleaning.
2.Requirements for separating castor seeds from kernel shells
① kernel shell content: not more than 5%. ② Kernel content in the shell (hand picking) : not more than 4%.
3. Oil dry
Refers to the process of dehydration of high moisture oil to suitable moisture. Oil is sometimes harvested during the rainy season, so the moisture content is high. In order to store it safely and make it have suitable moisture, drying is very necessary.
At the same time, the humidity in the air around the oil must be less than the surface humidity of the oil at this temperature, so that the humidity difference is formed, then the water in the oil can continue to vaporize and escape into the atmosphere, and in the unit time, the more air through the surface of the oil, the faster the dehydration of the oil. The drying equipment is forced into the hot air for drying, which is the use of this principle.
4.Oil is broken
By mechanical method, the process of reducing the size of the oil is called crushing. The purpose of crushing, for large oil, is to change its particle size to facilitate rolling embryo; For pre-pressed cakes, the size of the cake is moderate, creating good oil conditions for leaching or second pressing.
5.Oil softening
Softening is to adjust the moisture and temperature of the oil to make it soft. A process to increase plasticity.
6.Oil rolling
Rolling embryo is also called “pressing”, “rolling”. It is the use of mechanical action, the oil from the granular pressed into a thin sheet process. The purpose of the rolling embryo is to destroy the cell tissue of the oil and create favorable conditions for steaming, so that the oil can be separated smoothly during pressing or leaching.
The basic requirements of the rolling embryo are that the embryo should be thin, uniform, less powder, no oil, the hand is soft, the hand is loose, the powder degree is controlled in the sieve hole of 1 mm under the sieve does not exceed 10% to 15%, and the thickness of the embryo should be maintained at a certain degree. After rolling the embryo, the material embryo is heated so that the water content is controlled at about 7% and the powder degree is controlled at less than 10%.
7.Steamed and stir-fried oil
Steaming and stir-frying of oil refers to the process in which raw embryos undergo certain physical and chemical changes after wetting, heating, steaming and stir-frying, and its internal structure is changed to transform mature embryos.
Steaming and stir-frying is one of the important processes in the process of oil production. Because steaming can make great changes in the internal structure of oil with the help of water and temperature, such as further destruction of cells, solidification denaturation of proteins, separation and combination of phospholipids and gossypol, etc., these changes are not only conducive to the easy separation of oil from oil, but also conducive to the improvement of the quality of crude oil. Therefore, the quality of the steaming effect has a direct impact on the smooth progress of the entire oil production process, the level of oil yield and the quality of oil and cake.
8.Oil extrusion
A new method based on extrusion is being used to pretreat the oil before leaching.
9.Press to make oil
The oil screw press is an oil press machine which is driven by power and uses the screw shaft to continuously rotate in the press cage to press and extract oil from the material embryo. As a pre-pressing workshop, the buffer cake store can be set up between the oil press workshop and the leaching workshop, so that the pre-pressed cake can be temporarily stacked when the leaching workshop fails.
10 Filter
Another stage of pretreatment is the filtration stage, after which the crude oil is refined or leached.
Castor oil refining process
Castor oil refining process
Castor oil has a strong hygroscopicity, which is easy to produce a flower phenomenon when alkali refining, and some soap is transferred to the oil phase to form a colloidal solution, resulting in difficult separation. The relative density of castor oil is very close to that of water, so the water washing after alkali refining is easy to cause two-phase stratification and emulsification.
The conventional batch refining process of castor oil is not easy to control and the product quality is unstable. The mixed refining process is adopted to make the process production reasonable and stable.
Degumming
The conventional hydration process is not suitable for the degumming of castor oil, and it is often done with light alkali. The degumming process only involves the hydration of crude oil, and some impurities such as phospholipids, colloids, and proteins dissolve in the oil without water. Once hydrated, they cannot dissolve in the oil. This is the principle of hydration degumming. However, there are still some colloids in the oil after hydration, which requires acidification treatment to remove them
Deacidification
Alkali refining neutralization is the process of using caustic soda to neutralize free fatty acids in oil, resulting in saponification After saponification with free acid, it is no longer soluble in water and can be separated by sedimentation or centrifugation. After removing free acids, neutralization cannot be completed because non hydrated phospholipids still need to be removed at this stage.
Decolorize
The dried castor oil is light in color, and the pigment, such as carotene and chlorophyll, is adsorbed by acid clay and activated carbon. At the same time, residual phospholipids, metal ions and oxides can be removed. In addition, the removal of other impurities is also important, as it can directly affect the sensory flavor and oxidation characteristics of the deodorized oil.
After decolorization, it is cooled to 70 degrees and filtered to obtain refined castor oil.
Stripping deodorization
In most cases, deodorization is not important for castor oil, if the quality is not up to standard, it can also take the appropriate temperature for stripping to remove substances that affect the smell and taste of the oil, and in the physical castor oil refining equipment, free acid can also be removed. Under normal circumstances, adding an appropriate amount of citric acid (about 0.02%) when deodorizing can avoid high temperature oxidation of castor oil.